{"id":16484,"date":"2022-06-21T06:40:51","date_gmt":"2022-06-21T06:40:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zecovalve.com\/?p=16484"},"modified":"2022-08-20T12:45:51","modified_gmt":"2022-08-20T12:45:51","slug":"gate-valve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zecovalve.com\/tr\/gate-valve.html","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc Vana Hakk\u0131nda Bilmeniz Gereken Her \u015eey \u2013 A\u00e7\u0131k S\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc Vana"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc Vana Nedir?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vana, a\u00e7ma ve kapama par\u00e7alar\u0131na sahip bir kap\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanan\u0131n hareket y\u00f6n\u00fc ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fcne diktir. s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vana yaln\u0131zca tamamen a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapat\u0131labilir. S\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanan\u0131n parametreleri farkl\u0131d\u0131r, genellikle 5 derecedir. Ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2 derece 52'dir. Teknik \u00f6zelliklerini geli\u015ftirin ve i\u015fleme s\u00fcrecinde s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k y\u00fczeyinin a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu sapmay\u0131 telafi edin. Bu t\u00fcr kap\u0131lara elastik kap\u0131 denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc Vanan\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Prensibi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vana<\/mark><\/strong><\/a>A\u00e7ma ve kapama k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 hareket y\u00f6n\u00fc s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fcne dik olan kapaklard\u0131r. S\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vana yaln\u0131zca tamamen a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapat\u0131labilir, ayarlanamaz ve k\u0131s\u0131lamaz. Kap\u0131n\u0131n iki s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k y\u00fczeyi vard\u0131r. En s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan mod s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanalar\u0131n iki s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k y\u00fczeyi takozlar olu\u015fturur. Kama a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 valf parametrelerine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir, genellikle 5 derecedir ve ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2 derece 52'dir. Bir kama kap\u0131s\u0131 valf kap\u0131s\u0131, sert bir kap\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halinde yap\u0131labilir; ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015flenebilirli\u011fini art\u0131rmak ve i\u015fleme s\u00fcrecinde s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k y\u00fczeyi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndaki sapmay\u0131 telafi etmek i\u00e7in hafif deformasyon \u00fcretebilen bir kap\u0131ya da yap\u0131labilir. Bu t\u00fcr kap\u0131lara elastik kap\u0131 denir. S\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vana kapand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k y\u00fczeyi yaln\u0131zca orta bas\u0131n\u00e7la kapat\u0131labilir, yani, s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k y\u00fczeyinin kendili\u011finden s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kap\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k y\u00fczeyi di\u011fer taraftaki yuvaya bast\u0131r\u0131labilir. \u00c7o\u011fu s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vana s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k sa\u011flamaya zorlan\u0131r, yani vana kapand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k y\u00fczeyinin s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kap\u0131n\u0131n harici bir kuvvet taraf\u0131ndan yuvaya do\u011fru zorlanmas\u0131 gerekir. S\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanan\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131, g\u00f6vde ile d\u00fcz bir \u00e7izgide hareket eder. Buna kald\u0131rma s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanas\u0131 veya a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vana denir. Genellikle kald\u0131rma \u00e7ubu\u011funun \u00fczerinde trapez di\u015fler bulunur. Valfin \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki somun ve valf g\u00f6vdesindeki k\u0131lavuz oluk sayesinde d\u00f6nme hareketi do\u011frusal harekete, yani \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma torku, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma itme kuvvetine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Vanay\u0131 a\u00e7arken, kap\u0131 kald\u0131rma y\u00fcksekli\u011fi vana \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n 1:1 kat\u0131na e\u015fit oldu\u011funda ak\u0131\u015f ge\u00e7i\u015fi tamamen a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken bu konum izlenemez. Pratik kullan\u0131mda i\u015faret olarak supap sap\u0131n\u0131n tepe noktas\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r, yani supap sap\u0131n\u0131n hareket etmeyen konumu tam a\u00e7\u0131k konumu olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fiminin kilitlenme olgusunu dikkate almak i\u00e7in, valf genellikle tepe konumuna kadar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve tamamen a\u00e7\u0131k valfin konumu olarak 1\/2-1 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fe ters \u00e7evrilir. Bu nedenle vanan\u0131n tam a\u00e7\u0131k konumu, kap\u0131n\u0131n konumu yani stroku ile belirlenir. Baz\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanalar, kap\u0131 plakas\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f g\u00f6vde somunlar\u0131, vana g\u00f6vdesinin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc tahrik etmek ve kap\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in el \u00e7ark\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, bu vanaya d\u00f6ner \u00e7ubuklu s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vana veya gizli \u00e7ubuklu s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vana denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc Vana Bile\u015fenleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanan\u0131n hayati bile\u015fenleri g\u00f6vde, kapak, yuva, g\u00f6vde, kapak ve akt\u00fcat\u00f6rd\u00fcr. S\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanalar, boru hatt\u0131yla uyumlu flan\u015f boyutlar\u0131 gereksinimlerine uygun olarak delinmi\u015f flan\u015fl\u0131 u\u00e7lara sahip olabilir. D\u00f6kme demir, d\u00f6kme karbon \u00e7eli\u011fi, s\u00fcnek demir, tun\u00e7, paslanmaz \u00e7elik, ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elikler ve d\u00f6vme \u00e7elikler s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanalar i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan malzemelerdir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yukar\u0131da bahsedilen s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanan\u0131n her bir par\u00e7as\u0131 tam olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7it<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kap\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalarda iyi s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k sa\u011flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli tasar\u0131m ve teknolojiler mevcuttur; ancak genel olarak paralel veya kama \u015feklinde olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir. Paralel kap\u0131lar, paralel s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc kap\u0131lar\u0131, d\u00f6\u015feme kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve paralel geni\u015fleyen kap\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. B\u0131\u00e7akl\u0131 kap\u0131lar ayr\u0131ca yap\u0131s\u0131 kamal\u0131 vanalara \u00e7ok benzeyen ba\u015fka bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vana t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bu t\u00fcrler tan\u0131t\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kama Kap\u0131lar\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Kama tipi s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanalar, iki e\u011fimli yuvaya oturan kama \u015feklinde bir diske sahiptir. Buhar servisi gibi y\u00fcksek ak\u0131\u015f veya t\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131n oldu\u011fu uygulamalarda kat\u0131 takozlar kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca sa\u011flam yap\u0131 sayesinde titre\u015fim ve t\u0131rlama \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azal\u0131r. S\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 birincil kuvvete ek olarak, g\u00f6vdenin s\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 yuvalar \u00fczerinde s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131\u011fa yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan \u00f6nemli bir s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kuvveti olu\u015fturur. Koltuklardaki s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmenin azalmas\u0131 nedeniyle kama \u015feklindeki kap\u0131, y\u00fcksek s\u0131v\u0131 diferansiyel bas\u0131nc\u0131 durumunda koltu\u011fa yap\u0131\u015fmaz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc de daha uzundur. B\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f kama diskleri daha esnektir ve boru hatt\u0131 gerilimlerinin valf yuvalar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131na neden olabilece\u011fi durumlarda kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Paralel S\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc Kap\u0131lar<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanalar, s\u00fcrg\u00fc d\u00fcz ve oturma yeri paralel olacak \u015fekilde paralel konfig\u00fcrasyonda da bulunabilir. Paralel s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanalar hat bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak s\u0131k\u0131 bir s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k sa\u011flar. D\u00fcz kap\u0131lar ortas\u0131nda yay bulunan iki par\u00e7adan olu\u015fur. Daha iyi s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k i\u00e7in yay, par\u00e7alar\u0131 koltuklara yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Paralel s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanalar, yap\u0131sal tasar\u0131mlar\u0131 nedeniyle y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k durumlar\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik avantaj\u0131na sahiptir. Kama \u015feklindeki s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanalarda yuvalara uygulanan ilave s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kuvveti, genle\u015fme nedeniyle termal ba\u011flanmaya ve vana a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131na neden olabilir. Ayr\u0131ca, paralel kap\u0131lar\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma hareketi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kapatma torklar\u0131 azal\u0131r, bu da daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, daha ucuz akt\u00fcat\u00f6rlere veya daha az manuel \u00e7abaya neden olur. Paralel kap\u0131lar, yerine kayarak oturma y\u00fczeylerindeki kiri uzak tutar.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Kanal<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

D\u00f6\u015feme Kap\u0131lar\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7i\u015fli s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanalar olarak bilinen d\u00f6\u015feme kap\u0131lar\u0131, ortas\u0131nda delik boyutunda bir delik i\u00e7eren tek par\u00e7al\u0131 kap\u0131lard\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131k konumda delik iki yatakl\u0131 halkalarla hizalan\u0131r. Bu hizalama d\u00fczg\u00fcn, t\u00fcrb\u00fclanss\u0131z bir ak\u0131\u015f yarat\u0131r. Bu benzersiz tasar\u0131m, sistem \u00fczerinde minimum bas\u0131n\u00e7 kayb\u0131 sa\u011flar ve ham petrol ve do\u011fal gaz s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in idealdir. Valf yuvalar\u0131 hala temiz. Disk bo\u015flu\u011fu ise yabanc\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 yakalayabilir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, bo\u015fluk genellikle bak\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda biriken yabanc\u0131 maddenin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yerle\u015fik bir t\u0131ka\u00e7 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Slab<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Paralel Geni\u015fleyen Kap\u0131lar<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Kap\u0131n\u0131n mekanik olarak genle\u015fmesiyle s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k sa\u011flayan geni\u015fleyen s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanalarda iki levha kap\u0131s\u0131 birbirine tak\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00f6\u015feme kap\u0131s\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda medya her iki bo\u015fluktan da akabilir. Uygun bir s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015far\u0131 do\u011fru mekanik genle\u015fme, bir levha \u00fczerindeki yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru kuvvet ve ikinci levhan\u0131n valf g\u00f6vdesindeki bir ad\u0131mla durdurulmas\u0131 ile sa\u011flan\u0131r. Plaka kapaklar\u0131 kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ortam ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 durdurulur ve bir plaka \u00fczerindeki a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru kuvvet (g\u00f6vde) ve yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru kuvvet (vana g\u00f6vdesindeki ad\u0131m) yeterli bir s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u0131\u00e7ak Kap\u0131lar\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Plastik kat\u0131lar ve ka\u011f\u0131t hamuru gibi y\u00fcksek viskoziteli bulama\u00e7lar s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, malzemeyi kesmek ve ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 durdurmak i\u00e7in bir b\u0131\u00e7akl\u0131 vana kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bir b\u0131\u00e7ak s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanan\u0131n alt y\u00fczeyinde konik b\u0131\u00e7ak benzeri bir kenar bulunur ve genellikle kama \u015feklinde de\u011fildir. Her a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapand\u0131klar\u0131nda oturma halkalar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7tikleri i\u00e7in bu vanalar kendi kendini temizleme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proses sistemlerindeki, enerji santrallerindeki blok vanalardaki izolasyon vanalar\u0131 ve rafinerilerdeki y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k vanalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc bu contadan yararlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"B\u0131\u00e7ak<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Koltuk<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vana, ge\u00e7itle s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayan ve sa\u011flayan iki yuvayla donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vana yuvalar\u0131 ya vana g\u00f6vdesiyle entegredir ya da oturma halkas\u0131 \u015feklindedir. Yuva halkalar\u0131 yerine vidalan\u0131r veya yerine bast\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve yuva halkas\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131nda valf g\u00f6vdesine kaynak yap\u0131larak kapat\u0131l\u0131r. Daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda hizmet i\u00e7in ikinci tip yap\u0131 tercih edilir. Entegre yuvalar valf g\u00f6vdesiyle ayn\u0131 malzemeden yap\u0131l\u0131rken, preslenmi\u015f veya vidal\u0131 yuvalar daha fazla varyasyona izin verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kama s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanalar i\u00e7in metal veya esnek yuvalar mevcuttur. Bir kama, metal yatakl\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc valflerde s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc valf g\u00f6vdesinin taban\u0131ndaki bir olu\u011fa do\u011fru hareket ederek s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7erdi\u011fi par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 yakalar. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, su da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sistemlerinde esnek oturmal\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanalar tercih edilir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc daha s\u0131k\u0131 bir kapatma sa\u011flarlar. Esnek oturmal\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanalarda, genellikle s\u00fcnek demirden olu\u015fan bir kama, esnek malzeme (elastomer) ile \u00e7evrelenir ve bu nedenle s\u0131k\u0131 bir conta olu\u015fturur. Oturma, kaman\u0131n kenar\u0131 ile valf g\u00f6vdesi aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bunun i\u00e7in vanan\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda bir kanal a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek yoktur. Diren\u00e7li oturmal\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc vanalar b\u00f6ylece su ak\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131nan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kat\u0131lar\u0131n etraf\u0131n\u0131 kapatabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6k<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kap\u0131, di\u015fli bir sap\u0131n d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve indirilir. Mil, manuel bir tekerlek veya akt\u00fcat\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. K\u00f6k, tasar\u0131ma ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak iki gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n