{"id":7357,"date":"2021-12-30T07:06:36","date_gmt":"2021-12-30T07:06:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zecovalve.com\/news-the-difference-between-forged-and-cast-valves-industrial-valve-manufacturer.html"},"modified":"2022-09-07T02:11:38","modified_gmt":"2022-09-07T02:11:38","slug":"news-the-difference-between-forged-and-cast-valves-industrial-valve-manufacturer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zecovalve.com\/tr\/news-the-difference-between-forged-and-cast-valves-industrial-valve-manufacturer.html","title":{"rendered":"D\u00f6vme ve D\u00f6k\u00fcm Vanalar Aras\u0131ndaki Fark - D\u00f6vme ve D\u00f6k\u00fcm Vana"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00f6k\u00fcm vanas\u0131 vanaya d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr, genel d\u00f6k\u00fcm vanas\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 derecesi nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr (PN16, PN25, PN40 gibi, ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 da vard\u0131r, 1500LD, 2500LB'ye kadar olabilir), kalibrenin \u00e7o\u011fu DN50'den fazlad\u0131r. D\u00f6vme vanalar\u0131 d\u00f6v\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Genellikle y\u00fcksek dereceli boru hatlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Kalibreleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr ve genellikle DN50'nin alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6k\u00fcm Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n
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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

D\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fc, bile\u015fen metalinin erimi\u015f bir duruma \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir kal\u0131ba d\u00f6k\u00fclmesidir. Kal\u0131p \u00e7o\u011funlukla bir kal\u0131p olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kum ve hassas d\u00f6k\u00fcm s\u0131kl\u0131kla belirli ala\u015f\u0131mlar veya ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 boyut ve tasar\u0131ma sahip par\u00e7alar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Metal istenen temel \u015fekle so\u011fuduktan sonra metal i\u015f\u00e7isi, par\u00e7ay\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fteri taraf\u0131ndan talep edilen ayr\u0131nt\u0131larla elle veya daha ileri i\u015fleme yoluyla bitirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcretiminin bo\u015f maliyeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr, \u00f6zellikle karma\u015f\u0131k bo\u015fluklu par\u00e7alarda karma\u015f\u0131k \u015fekil i\u00e7in daha fazla ekonomi g\u00f6sterebilir; Ayn\u0131 zamanda geni\u015f uyarlanabilirli\u011fe ve iyi kapsaml\u0131 mekanik \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in gerekli malzemeler (metal, ah\u015fap, yak\u0131t, kal\u0131p malzemeleri vb.) ve ekipmanlar (metalurji f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131, kum kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma makinesi, kal\u0131plama makinesi, ma\u00e7a makinesi, \u00e7alkalay\u0131c\u0131, kumlama makinesi, d\u00f6kme demir gibi) plaka vb.) daha fazla olup, toz, zararl\u0131 gaz ve g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc \u00fcreterek \u00e7evreyi kirletecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6k\u00fcm Tarihi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6k\u00fcm, yakla\u015f\u0131k 6000 y\u0131ll\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olan bir t\u00fcr metal s\u0131cak i\u015fleme teknolojisidir. M\u00d6 3200'de Mezopotamya'da bronz kurba\u011fa d\u00f6k\u00fcmleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. M\u00d6 13 ile M\u00d6 10. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda \u00c7in, bronz d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn en parlak d\u00f6nemine girmi\u015f, s\u00fcre\u00e7 olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek bir seviyeye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6rne\u011fin Shang Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 875 kg a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Simuwu kare Ding, Sava\u015fan Devletler Hanedan\u0131 Jinghou Yi Zunpan ve Bat\u0131 Han Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feffaf ayna antik d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn temsili \u00fcr\u00fcnleridir. \u0130lk d\u00f6k\u00fcmler \u00e7\u00f6mlek\u00e7ilikten b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilenmi\u015fti ve d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerin \u00e7o\u011fu tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim, din, ya\u015fam ve di\u011fer y\u00f6nlere y\u00f6nelik g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sanatsal renklere sahip aletler veya mutfak e\u015fyalar\u0131yd\u0131. M\u00d6 513'te \u00c7in, d\u00fcnyadaki yaz\u0131l\u0131 kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7en ilk d\u00f6kme demiri \u00fcretti: Jin Casting Ding (yakla\u015f\u0131k 270 kg). 8. y\u00fczy\u0131l civar\u0131nda Avrupa d\u00f6kme demir \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki sanayi devriminden sonra d\u00f6k\u00fcm, b\u00fcy\u00fck sanayilere hizmet edecek yeni bir d\u00f6neme girmi\u015ftir. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fimi, s\u00fcnek demir, d\u00f6v\u00fclebilir d\u00f6kme demir, ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu paslanmaz \u00e7elik ve al\u00fcminyum bak\u0131r, al\u00fcminyum silikon, al\u00fcminyum magnezyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131, titanyum bazl\u0131, nikel bazl\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131m ve di\u011fer d\u00f6k\u00fcm metal malzemelerini geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. ve tedaviyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in gri d\u00f6kme demire y\u00f6nelik yeni bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 icat etti. 1950'li y\u0131llardan sonra \u0131slak kumla y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 kal\u0131plama, kimyasal sertle\u015ftirici kumla kal\u0131plama, ma\u00e7a yap\u0131m\u0131, negatif bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 kal\u0131plama ve di\u011fer \u00f6zel d\u00f6k\u00fcm ve kumlama gibi yeni teknolojiler tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00c7e\u015fitleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bir\u00e7ok d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00e7e\u015fidi vard\u0131r. Modelleme y\u00f6ntemine g\u00f6re, geleneksel olarak \u0131slak kum tipi, kuru kum tipi ve kimyasal sertle\u015fen kum tipi 3 dahil olmak \u00fczere 0 s\u0131radan kum d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcne ayr\u0131l\u0131r. (2) \u00f6zel d\u00f6k\u00fcm, pres kal\u0131plama malzemeleri ve do\u011fal mineral kum olarak ayr\u0131labilir. ana \u00f6zel d\u00f6k\u00fcm kal\u0131plama malzemeleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin hassas d\u00f6k\u00fcm, kal\u0131ba d\u00f6k\u00fcm, kabuk kal\u0131ba d\u00f6k\u00fcm d\u00f6k\u00fcmhanesi, negatif bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm, kal\u0131ba d\u00f6k\u00fcm, seramik kal\u0131ba d\u00f6k\u00fcm vb.) ve \u00f6zel d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn ana kal\u0131p malzemesi olarak metal (metal kal\u0131ba d\u00f6k\u00fcm gibi, bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm, s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcm, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm, savurma d\u00f6k\u00fcm vb.).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u015flemi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u015flemi genellikle \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir: (d\u00f6k\u00fcm (konteynerler) s\u0131v\u0131 metal kat\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm yapar, malzemelere g\u00f6re d\u00f6k\u00fcm kum kal\u0131p, metal, seramik, \u00e7amur, grafit vb. olarak ayr\u0131labilir, tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k, yar\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 ve kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilir tip, kal\u0131p haz\u0131rlama kalitesi d\u00f6k\u00fcm kalitesini etkileyen ana fakt\u00f6rlerdir; D\u00f6k\u00fcm metalinin eritilmesi ve d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi, d\u00f6k\u00fcm metali (d\u00f6k\u00fcm ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131) esas olarak d\u00f6kme demir, d\u00f6kme \u00e7elik ve d\u00f6kme demir d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7erir (3) d\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u015flemi ve muayenesi; ma\u00e7a ve d\u00f6k\u00fcm y\u00fczeyindeki yabanc\u0131 cisimlerin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, d\u00f6k\u00fcm y\u00fckselticisinin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, k\u00fcrekle ta\u015flama \u00e7apaklar\u0131 ve di\u011fer \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem, \u015fekillendirme, pas \u00f6nleyici i\u015flem ve giri\u015f pompas\u0131 valfinin kaba i\u015flenmesi dahil olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u015flemi.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6vme Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Her ne kadar metal bile\u015fenin \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00f6vme i\u015flemi i\u00e7in gerekli olsa da, bu y\u00f6ntemde \u0131s\u0131tma hi\u00e7bir zaman s\u00f6z konusu metalin erimesini sa\u011flayacak kadar yo\u011fun olmaz. Bunun yerine, metal i\u015f\u00e7isinin \u00e7eki\u00e7le d\u00f6vme yapmas\u0131n\u0131 veya ba\u015fka bir \u015fekilde onu haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir kal\u0131ba d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lacak kadar s\u0131cak yap\u0131l\u0131r. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in devasa presler kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve d\u00f6vme y\u00f6ntemi, istenen nihai \u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilir; D\u00f6vme, \u00f6rne\u011fin s\u0131cak veya so\u011fuk d\u00f6vme i\u015flemi olabilir veya a\u00e7\u0131k veya kapal\u0131 bir kal\u0131ptan faydalan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

D\u00f6vme: metal k\u00fct\u00fck bas\u0131nc\u0131 \u00fczerinde d\u00f6vme makinelerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, belirli mekanik \u00f6zelliklerin elde edilmesi i\u00e7in plastik deformasyon, belirli bir \u015fekil ve boyutta d\u00f6vme i\u015fleme y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6vmenin iki ana bile\u015feninden biri. D\u00f6vme yoluyla metalin gev\u015fek d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc, kaynak delikleri ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilir, d\u00f6vme par\u00e7alar\u0131n mekanik \u00f6zellikleri genellikle ayn\u0131 malzeme d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerinden daha iyidir. Makinalarda a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00f6nemli par\u00e7alar i\u00e7in, haddelenebilen basit \u015fekilli levha, profil veya kaynak par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7o\u011funlukla d\u00f6vme par\u00e7alar da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6vme \u00c7e\u015fitleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekillendirme y\u00f6ntemine g\u00f6re d\u00f6vme i\u015flemi \u015fu \u015fekilde ayr\u0131labilir: 0 a\u00e7\u0131k d\u00f6vme (serbest d\u00f6vme). Temel olarak manuel d\u00f6vme ve mekanik d\u00f6vme olmak \u00fczere gerekli d\u00f6vmeleri elde etmek i\u00e7in \u00fcst ve alt iki anti-demir (\u00f6rs blo\u011fu) deformasyonu aras\u0131ndaki metali yapmak i\u00e7in kuvvet veya bas\u0131n\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131. \u2461 Kapal\u0131 mod d\u00f6vme. Metal i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131, belirli bir \u015fekle sahip d\u00f6vme kal\u0131p odas\u0131nda bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda deforme olur ve d\u00f6vme, kal\u0131p d\u00f6vme, so\u011fuk d\u00f6vme, d\u00f6ner d\u00f6vme, ekstr\u00fczyon vb. olarak ayr\u0131labilir. Deformasyon s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re d\u00f6vme, s\u0131cak d\u00f6vme (i\u015fleme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bo\u015f metalin yeniden kristalle\u015fme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksektir), s\u0131cak d\u00f6vme (yeniden kristalle\u015fme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck) ve so\u011fuk d\u00f6vme (normal s\u0131cakl\u0131k) olarak ayr\u0131labilir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6vme malzemesi esas olarak karbon \u00e7eli\u011fi ve ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7eli\u011fin \u00e7e\u015fitli bile\u015fenlerinden olu\u015fur, bunu al\u00fcminyum, magnezyum, titanyum, bak\u0131r ve ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 takip eder. Malzemenin orijinal hali \u00e7ubuklar\u0131, d\u00f6k\u00fcm zincirlerini, metal tozlar\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131 metalleri i\u00e7erir. Metalin deformasyondan \u00f6nceki kesit alan\u0131n\u0131n deformasyon sonras\u0131 kal\u0131p kesit alan\u0131na oran\u0131na d\u00f6vme oran\u0131 denir. Do\u011fru d\u00f6vme se\u00e7iminin \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesini art\u0131rmaktan ziyade maliyeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6vme S\u00fcreci<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6vmenin temel s\u00fcreci birka\u00e7 geleneksel ad\u0131mdan olu\u015fur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Hammadde (\u00e7elik bloklar, k\u00fcl\u00e7eler, k\u00fct\u00fckler) gerekirse daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara kesilir<\/li>
  2. Hammadde, gerekli d\u00f6vme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r (malzemeyi s\u00fcnek ve d\u00f6v\u00fclebilir hale getirmek i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131 uygulamas\u0131 gereklidir); d\u00f6vme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 metalin t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve malzemenin bir f\u0131r\u0131na\/f\u0131r\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmesiyle elde edilir;<\/li>
  3. \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lan metale mekanik kuvvetler (bas\u0131n\u00e7) uygulanarak istenilen forma getirilir.<\/li>
  4. yar\u0131 mamul par\u00e7a i\u015fleme, bitirme ve \u0131s\u0131l i\u015fleme tabi tutulur<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130\u015flemin sonunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcr\u00fcn, uygulanan termal ve mekanik i\u015flemlerden kaynaklanan metalurjik yeniden kristalle\u015fme ve tane incelmesi sayesinde ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc mukavemet, darbe dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131nma direncine sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Neden Castings'i kullanmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    D\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn temel faydas\u0131, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck, karma\u015f\u0131k veya ba\u015fka bir \u015fekilde d\u00f6vme i\u00e7in uygun olmayan bile\u015fenler olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r. Uzunlu\u011fu 18 in\u00e7e kadar ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 100 pounda kadar olan par\u00e7a boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6vebiliriz. Ancak 5000 pound a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir son \u00fcr\u00fcne ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z varsa d\u00f6k\u00fcm daha uygun bir se\u00e7enek olacakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlarda d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n