Balancing valve types

1. Static Balance Valve

Static Balance Valve is the main equipment to eliminate the static hydraulic imbalance of HVAC water system and achieve static hydraulic balance. Static balance valve is essentially a damper regulator with a clear “flow-pressure-opening” relationship, clear and adjustable opening indication, and good regulation characteristics. In HVAC water system, the static balance valve does not guarantee the flow value of a single pipe in the system. It maintains that during the initial commissioning of the system, the flow ratio of each pipeline in the system is the same as that of the design flow through the regulating function of the static balance valve. In this way, when the total flow of the system equals the total design flow, the flow of each terminal equipment and pipeline also reaches the design flow at the same time. Static balance valves are mainly used in system diverters, branch pipes, and end equipment.

Description of Balancing Valve

• Balancing valve for hydraulic systems.
• Flow rate measurement with Venturi device.
• CR dezincification resistant alloy body,
• stainless steel obturator.
• Complete with pressure ports.
• Max. working pressure: 16 bar.
• Temperature range: -20–120 °C.
• Max. percentage of glycol: 50 %.

Features of Balancing Valves

• Broad product range
  • With valves in sizes from DN 15 up to DN 400, mounting options with internal thread, external thread, or flanges, and availability of measuring tools and accessories.
• Compact construction
  • ZECO balancing valves are designed to take up minimum space and be easy to install.

3. Pressure Independence Balance Valve

Pressure Independent Control Valves (PICV) can help reduce energy costs and increase occupant comfort in heating and cooling coil applications in buildings. A PICV is best described as two valves in one: a standard 2-way control valve and a balancing valve.

Dynamic balancing valves ensure that the design flow will not be exceeded regardless of pressure fluctuations in the system. These valves can be used in basically any construction-based heating or cooling system. Dynamic balancing is – contrary to static balancing – a completely pressure-independent solution.

Dynamic flow balancing valve is one of the devices to eliminate the dynamic hydraulic imbalance of the system. The essence of dynamic flow balance valve is to keep the flow of the pipeline unchanged in a certain range of pressure differences. Flow value can be customized according to system requirements, so it is also called a “constant flow balance valve”. Dynamic flow balance valves are mainly used in the pipelines of the hydraulic systems which require constant flow, such as refrigeration and cooling water pipes of chillers, as well as the terminal equipment pipes of refrigeration and heat supply with variable air volume control system.

2. Differential Pressure Control Valve

Dynamic differential pressure balance valve is one of the main pieces of equipment to eliminate dynamic hydraulic imbalance and achieve dynamic balance in HVAC system. Dynamic pressure balance valve has the function of constant pressure difference at key points. It can automatically keep the pressure difference between two key points in the system at a set pressure difference through the self-supporting mechanism inside the valve. Based on the requirement of a total hydraulic balance system for subsystem constant pressure, graded constant pressure, and equipment constant pressure, dynamic differential pressure balance valve is widely used by system supervisors, branch pipelines, and various terminal equipment.

4. Dynamic balance electric switch valve

Dynamic balance electric switch valve is one of the main pieces of equipment to eliminate dynamic hydraulic imbalance and achieve dynamic balance in HVAC water system. The dynamic balancing electric switch valve has the functions of dynamic balancing and electric switch. When the valve is opened, it can dynamically keep the actual flow rate of the pipeline constant at the designed flow rate and is not affected by the system pressure fluctuation. Dynamic balance electric switch valve is mainly used in fan coil units. On the one hand, it has the electric switch function of a traditional electric switch valve. On the other hand, it can keep the flow constant in the design flow of the fan coil when the valve is opened.

5. Combination of dynamic pressure balance valve and electric regulating valve

The combination of dynamic differential pressure balance valve and the electric regulating valve is one of the main pieces of equipment to eliminate dynamic hydraulic imbalance and achieve dynamic balance in HVAC water system. The combination of a dynamic differential pressure balancing valve and electric regulating valve not only has the function of dynamic balancing, that is, it can dynamically balance the pressure fluctuation of the system so that the flow through the pipeline is not affected by the pressure fluctuation of the system, but also has the function of electric regulating, that is, it can automatically adjust the opening according to the load change in the target area, so as to adjust the flow value and ensure that the temperature in the target area is always constant at the set temperature. The combination of dynamic differential pressure balance valve and the electric regulating valve is mainly used in air conditioning boxes, air handling units, and fresh air units.

6. Integrated dynamic balance electric regulating valve

The function of the integrated dynamic balance electric control valve is basically the same as that of the combined valve. It integrates the dynamic differential pressure balance valve with the electric control valve in one valve body. The integrated dynamic balance electric regulating valve is mainly used in air conditioning boxes, air handling units, and fresh air units.

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HVAC Valve Types

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What is a Forced Draft Cooling Tower?

The forced draft cooling towers represent a flexible and powerful but economical cooling technology suitable for the most of industrial plants.

Components of Forced Draft Cooling Tower

• The outer shell (material: FRP, steel, stainless steel, concrete)
• supporting structure
• fan stack
• cooling fill
• drift eliminators
• fan with drive
• water distribution system including spraying nozzles
• water basin

Benefits of Forced Draft Cooling Tower

• Ease of maintenance.
• Lower noise levels.
• Dry air stream drive.
• Low-absorbed capacity.

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What does Wet Bulb Temperature Mean?

Wet-bulb temperature accounts for both heat and humidity, unlike the standard temperature measurement you see on your weather app. It reflects what that combination means for the human body’s ability to cool down.

Wet-bulb temperature is the lowest level of temperature that can be obtained through evaporative cooling of a ventilated surface covered with ice or wet with water.

It indicates a temperature that is near thermodynamic or real temperature. It is the lowest level of temperature reachable under present ambient conditions brought by water evaporation.

Wet Bulb Temperature and Cooling Tower Performance

Evaporative cooling towers enable many buildings across the globe to enjoy moderate interior temperatures. They serve as the final heat transfer step that moves heat from the building interior to the surrounding environment. In addition to their extensive application throughout large residential, commercial and industrial HVAC systems, there are numerous process cooling applications that employ evaporative cooling towers as an effective means of heat rejection.

Delta Cooling Towers, Inc. is a globally recognized manufacturer of corrosion-resistant cooling towers, air strippers, and tanks fabricated of HDPE to provide extended life service. The company posted an article entitled “Understanding Wet Bulb Temperatures And How It Affects Cooling Tower Performance”. The original post is on this page of the company website, and all credit for the article goes to them. We share it below also, slightly edited for format on this forum.  From the article…

A cooling tower primarily uses latent heat of vaporization (evaporation) to cool process water. Minor additional cooling is provided by the air because of its temperature increase. Cooling tower selection and performance are based on water flow rate, water inlet temperature, water outlet temperature, and ambient wet bulb temperature. Ambient wet bulb temperature and its effect on performance is the subject of this article. Ambient wet bulb temperature is a condition measured by a device called a psychrometer. A psychrometer places a thin film of water on the bulb of the thermometer that is twirled in the air. After about a minute, the thermometer will show a reduced temperature. The low point when no additional twirling reduces the temperature is called the wet bulb temperature. The measured wet bulb temperature is a function of relative humidity and ambient air temperature. Wet bulb temperature essentially measures how much water vapor the atmosphere can hold at current weather conditions. A lower wet bulb temperature means the air is drier and can hold more water vapor than it can at a higher wet bulb temperature. For example:

Since cooling tower cells cool water by evaporation, the wet bulb temperature is the critical design variable. An evaporative cooling tower can generally provide cooling water 5° – 7° higher above the current ambient wet bulb condition. That means that if the wet bulb temperature is 78°F, then the cooling tower will most likely provide cooling water between 83° – 85°F, no lower. The same tower cell, on a day when the wet bulb temperature is 68°F, is likely to provide 74° – 76°F cooling water. When selecting a cooling tower cell, the highest or the design wet bulb temperature your geographical area will encounter must be used. The highest wet bulb temperatures occur during the summer when air temperatures and humidity are highest. For example, in Indianapolis, Indiana, the design wet bulb temperature is 78°F. Historically Indianapolis can expect less than one hour per year that the conditions exceed a 78°F wet bulb. Typically, 6,000 hours a year will have a wet bulb of 60°F or lower meaning that a cooling tower cell designed for a 78°F wet bulb will be able to make 65-67°F water for 6,000 hours per year for nearly 70% of the year. Most cooling towers are capacity rated at a “standard” wet bulb temperature of 78°F. That means on the days when the wet bulb temperature is 78°F, the tower will produce its stated capacity. In other words, a tower rated to produce 135 tons of cooling will produce 135 tons of cooling at a 78°F wet bulb temperature. At a higher wet bulb temperature, the tower cell capacity to produce colder water decreases. Every location has a unique design (worst case) wet bulb temperature that is published by organizations such as ASHRAE and can be obtained easily.

What does it mean when your cooling tower water temperature is higher than the normal 5-7°F above the current wet bulb temperature?

1. Your cooling load may be larger than the rated capacity of your cooling tower.
2. Your cooling tower may have lost efficiency
3. Due to scale build-up on the tower heat exchange surfaces.
4. Due to loss of airflow across the heat exchange surfaces.
5. Due to improper water flow from clogged nozzles or pump performance

What can you do to improve your tower performance? 

• Add tower cell capacity
• Check for the efficiency losses described above
• Replace the heat exchange surfaces with new clean fill
• Check for proper airflow
• Check the water flow is at the design
• Check that nozzle is not clogged or broken

Cooling tower performance is tied to ambient wet bulb conditions. Higher wet bulb temperatures occur in the summer when higher ambient and relative humidity occurs. Initial system design and proper system maintenance are critical to be certain your cooling tower is providing the desired cooling.

For more information, or to discuss your own heat transfer challenges, contact a product application specialist. Combine your own knowledge and experience with their application expertise to develop an effective solution.

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Cooling Towers: Operating Principles and Systems

The huge, perfectly shaped cylindrical towers stand tall amidst a landscape, with vapor billowing from their spherical, open tops into the blue sky. Such an image usually provokes a thought related to nuclear power or a mysterious energy inaccessible to the millions of people who drive by power plants every day. In reality, cooling towers – whether the hyperboloid structures most often associated with the aforementioned nuclear power plants or their less elegantly shaped cousins – are essential, process oriented tools that serve as the final step in removing heat from a process or facility. The cooling towers at power plants serve as both an adjuster of a control variable essential to the process and also as a fascinating component of the process behind power creation.

The importance and applicability of cooling towers is extensive, making them fundamentally useful for industrial operations in power generation, oil refining, petrochemical plants, commercial/industrial HVAC, and process cooling.

The following are some of the applications of Cooling Tower:

• Air compressors with a water cooling system
• Blow Molding and Compression Molding Machine
• Machinery for die casting
• Plant for deep freeze and anodizing
• Plant for generating electricity
• VAM machinery and liquid air conditioning systems
• Machines that process natural gas
• Stations that generate electricity
• Oil and gas facilities
• Plants that are semi-conductor
• Hydrocarbon facilities
• Boiler Application
• Chiller Application
• Die Casting Application
• Furnace Application
• Fot Dip Galvanizing
• Hydraulic Press

Operating Principles of Cooling Tower

In principle, an evaporative cooling tower involves the movement of a fluid, usually water with some added chemicals, through a series of parts or sections to eventually result in the reduction of its heat content and temperature. Liquid heated by the process operation is pumped through pipes to reach the tower, and then gets sprayed through nozzles or other distribution means onto the ‘fill’ of the tower, reducing the velocity of the liquid to increase the fluid dwell time in the fill area. The fill area is designed to maximize the liquid surface area, increasing contact between water and air. Electric motor driven fans force air into the tower and across the fill area. As air passes across the liquid surface, a portion of the water evaporates, transferring heat from the water to the air and reducing in the water temperature. The cooled water is then collected and pumped back to the process-related equipment allowing for the cycle to repeat. The process and associated dispersion of heat allows for the cooling tower to be classified as a heat rejection device, transferring waste heat from the process or operation to the atmosphere.

Evaporative cooling towers rely on outdoor air conditions being such that evaporation will occur at a rate sufficient to transfer the excess heat contained in the water solution. Analysis of the range of outdoor air conditions at the installation site is necessary to assure proper operation of the cooling tower throughout the year. Evaporative cooling towers are of an open loop design, with the fluid exposed to air.

A closed loop cooling tower, sometimes referred to as a fluid cooler, does not directly expose the heat transfer fluid to the air. The heat exchanger can take many forms, but a finned coil is common. A closed loop system will generally be less efficient that an open loop design because only sensible heat is recovered from the fluid in the closed loop system. A closed loop fluid cooler can be advantageous for smaller heat loads, or in facilities without sufficient technical staff to monitor or maintain operation of an evaporative cooling tower.

Thanks to their range of applications, cooling towers vary in size from the monolithic structures utilized by power plants to small rooftop units. Removing the heat from the water used in cooling systems allows for the recycling of the heat transfer fluid back to the process or equipment that is generating heat. This cycle of heat transfer enables heat generating processes to remain stable and secure. The cooling provided by an evaporative tower allows for the amount of supply water to be vastly lower than the amount which would be otherwise needed. No matter whether the cooling tower is small or large, the components of the tower must function as an integrated system to ensure both adequate performance and longevity. Understanding elements which drive performance – variable flow capability, potential HVAC ‘free cooling’, the splash type fill versus film type fill, drift eliminators, nozzles, fans, and driveshaft characteristics – is essential to the success of the cooling tower and its use in both industrial and commercial settings.

Design or selection of an evaporative cooling tower is an involved process, requiring examination and analysis of many facets. Share your heat transfer requirements and challenges with cooling tower specialists, combining your own facilities and process knowledge and experience with their application expertise to develop an effective solution.

What is Cooling Tower Valves?

Cooling towers are a critical need for any industrial and manufacturing operation. Their role in extracting heat and delivering it to the atmosphere through evaporative cooling leverages the principle of heat rejection. The essential element of a cooling tower is water that is delivered through a piping system. These steady flow devices cool the water by evaporation with direct contact of the air. Evaporatively cooled equipment like cooling towers typically utilize a multi-cell configuration. While these systems offer improved efficiency, operational flexibility, and advanced controls, they can only perform as well as their hardware is designed and built. One of the most important components of a cooling tower is its valves. This is why Zeco offers cooling tower valves to optimize the performance of your cooling towers, reduce downtime, and eliminate maintenance.

How do Valves improve the performance of Cooling Tower?

A direct replacement valve that is optimized for all existing crossflow cooling tower distribution valves and can mitigate the need of constant maintenance and replacement while improving efficiency and performance. A valve that is manufactured entirely from 304L or 316L stainless steel and UHMW-PE plastic eliminates corrosion concerns. Also, valves that feature a 30% larger discharge area and 40% reduction in weight compared to conventional distribution valves are the new industry standard.

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What is a Cooling Tower Valve?

Cooling tower valves are devices designed to control, regulate, distribute, allow, or disallow the passage of water through certain parts of the cooling tower’s system. The different valves throughout a cooling tower system play an important role in their performance and the overall operation of your facility. The types of valves needed will depend on the flow capacity and the size of piping in the cooling tower. Temperature and pressure are also critical considerations when it comes to valve selection.

Which Valve is Used in Cooling Tower?

Float valves, or float switches, are essential for maintaining proper water levels inside a cooling tower. These valves are designed for cooling applications that rely on water being cooled by contact with the air.

Cooling Tower Valve Performance

Flow control valves have a simple & reliable design and are available in the capacity range of 300 to 2200 m3/h and size ranges of 150 to 300 NB. They are built specifically for cooling tower use and ensure low head losses. They are made of heavy-duty cast iron bodies and have a stainless steel valve stem. We also coat our control valves with a layer of the protective coating that resists corrosion.

New Anti-microbial Cooling Tower From Delta Cooling Towers

Delta Cooling Towers, a globally recognized leader in the manufacture of corrosion-resistant cooling towers, has added a new dimension to its product line. Cooling towers for industrial and commercial applications are now available with construction features and materials that significantly inhibit the growth of microorganisms in the tower fill and shell.

Microbial growth has long been a concern of cooling tower operators. The environment within a tower, continuously wet and warm, provides ample opportunity for microbial propagation. The new anti-microbial cooling towers make use of HDPE resin that is fully compounded (not just on the surface) with an anti-microbial agent to provide the corrosion protection for which Delta is known, along with resistance to biofilm growth. The fill in the tower also provides the same level of resistance to microorganism growth. The corrosion-resistant materials used in the construction of Delta towers allow the use of more aggressive chemical treatment than would be recommended with metal cooling towers.

The new Delta Cooling Towers have some distinct advantages for health and safety, as well as an extended operating lifetime. Reach out to a product application specialist. Get all the details on the new anti-microbial cooling towers and share your HVAC and industrial cooling challenges to get solutions.

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Delta Cooling Towers

Delta Cooling Towers are made from a CORROSION PROOF engineered plastic. The cooling tower shell will never rust, flake, chip, peel or ever need painting or protective coatings applied. Delta believes its towers are the future of the industry. Metal towers do not have long-term corrosion protection advantages for outdoor usage. The galvanizing or other metal treatments only delay the corrosion of the underlying, often thin gauge sheet metal.

Delta Cooling Towers manufactures corrosion-resistant cooling towers for commercial and industrial applications.

Features of Delta Cooling Towers

• Seamless double wall engineered plastic (HDPE) shell
• Corrosion proof construction
• Direct drive fan system
• Totally enclosed VFD-rated motors
• Factory assembled for simple installation
• 20 Year shell warranty
• PVC water distribution system with non-clog large orifice removable nozzles
• High-efficiency PVC fill
• Made in the USA

Delta Cooling Tower Systems Options

Packaged Cooling Systems can include either open or closed-loop heat exchangers along with skid-mounted pumps and control units. These Packaged Cooling Systems allow for simple installation with minimal site work required. Delta Cooling Towers come with an industry-leading 20-year warranty on the unitarily molded cooling tower casing.

Delta products:

• Comfort Cooling – HVAC
• Process Cooling – Industrial
• Power Generation

Test Results of Delta Cooling Tower

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