ส่วนประกอบของวาล์วหลักๆที่ควรทราบคือ 

• Body คือ โครงสร้างหลักนั่นเอง
• Flange คือหน้าแปลนส่วนประกอบระหว่างท่อกับวาล์วในกรณีที่วาล์วมีขนาดใหญ่ ต้องใช้ สลักยึด
• Stem คือ แกนกลางในการหมุนวาล์ว หรือที่เรียกว่าก้านนั่นเอง
• Seat คือ ชิ้นส่วนกันการรั่วไหลของน้ำ มีชนิดที่เป็นยาง และ โลหะ
• Hand Wheel หรือ Arm คือ บริเวณที่เปิดปิดวาล์ว ในกรณีที่เป็น โซลินอยด์ วาล์ว (Solenoid valve) จะเป็นการควบคุมโดยไฟฟ้า ผ่านหลักการคือ การใช้สนามแม่เหล็ก เหนี่ยวนำกลไกการปิด-เปิด
• Wedge ฝากั้น ปิด – เปิดน้ำ ในบอลวาล์ว ชิ้นส่วนนี้จะเรียกว่า Ball นั่นเอง

GLOBE VALVE

ใช้ในการควบคุมการไหล ใช้กับระบบที่มีความดันแตกต่างกันสูงมากๆได้ ด้วยระบบแบบตั้งฉากจึงสามารถหมุนปรับความเบาหรือแรงของไหลได้ลักษณะเด่นคือข้างในจะเป็นแบบหน้าดิส ตัว Body จะป่องออกมา แต่เนื่องจากมีการเปลี่ยนทิศทางการไหลความดันลดที่ตกคร่อม globe valve มากขึ้นตาม

Globe valve จึงนิยมใช้เป็นอย่างมากในงานที่ต้องควบคุมอัตราไหลของของไหล

GATE VALVE

ใช้ในการเปิดปิดการไหลเท่านั้น ไม่สามารถปรับระดับความแรงของๆไหลได้ อีกทั้งยังไม่มีบ่ารอง valve (valve seat) ที่มักจะใช้วัสดุเป็น polymer ที่ทนอุณหภูมิสูงไม่ได้ gate valve จึงสามารถใช้กับงานที่อุณหภูมิสูงได้ แต่ก็ไม่นิยมใช้กับของไหลที่มีสารแขวนลอย เพราะสารแขวนลอยจะตกไปอยู่ตามร่องของ valve ทำให้ไม่สามารถปิดได้สนิท

BALL VALVE

ใช้ในการเปิด-ปิดเช่นเดียวกับ gate valve โดยจะใช้การเปิดปิดแบบ 90องศา ซึ่งโดยปกติ ball valve จะนิยมใช้ในงานประปาตามบ้านทั่วๆไปเพราะใช้งานได้ง่าย ไม่มีความซับซ้อนอะไร ข้างในมีบอลที่มีรูรอดผ่านจึงถูกเรียกว่า Ball valve

KNIFE GATE VALVE

เหมือนกับ Gate valve แต่ประตูวาล์วเป็นเหมือนใบมีด(มีความคม) เหมาะใช้กับของไหลเหนียว ๆ มีเยื่อใยหรือเป็น ผง ๆ เช่น โรงงานทำกระดาษ, เม็ดพลาสติก อีกทั้งยังสามารถใช้งานในด้านอื่นๆได้อีกมากมายเพราะความคมของใบมีดจึงสามารถใช้ตัดของบางชนิดได้

BUTTERFLY VALVE

ใช้ในการควบคุมการไหล มีหน้าตาคล้าย gate valve แต่แทนที่จาน valve จะเคลื่อนที่ขึ้น/ลงแบบ gate valveตัว butterfly valve กลับใช้การหมุนแทนเหมือนball valve และมี seat valve เช่นเดียวกัน แต่ตัว butterfly valve กลับมีน้ำหนักเบากว่ามากนิยมใช้กับการควบคุมการไหลที่มีการปรับเปลี่ยนอย่างรวดเร็ว มีหลายสเกลมาก เช่น
ใช้กับอุโมงค์น้ำทิ้ง, ระบบดับเพลิง หรือกับรถยนต์บางชนิดก็มีวาล์วชนิดนี้เช่นกัน

ส่วนประกอบ Butterfly Valve

• ลิ้น (disc)
• ตัววาล์ว หรือ (body)
• หมุด (pin หรือ bolt)
• ซีท (seat) ซึ่งจะแบ่งเป็น
• Soft seat หรือ seat ที่มีความยืดหยุ่น เป็นยาง สามารถเลือกได้หลายประเภทตามแต่ความเหมาะสมของของเหลว เช่น ยางที่ใช้กับน้ำดื่มได้ ยางที่ใช้กับสารเคมีได้
• Hard seat หรือ seat แบบแข็ง อาจจะทำจากโลหะ ใช้กับงานที่ต้องใช้แรงดันสูง อุณหภูมิสูง
• แกนวาล์ว (spindle)
• แบริ่งและซีล (bearing and seals)

SAFETY VALVE

เซฟตี้วาล์วหรือวาล์วเพื่อความปลอดภัยจากความดันมีไว้ระบายความดันส่วนเกินออกจากระบบเพื่อไม่ให้เกิดการระเบิด ซึ่งจะสร้างความเสียหายให้ทั้งแก่ท่อและส่วนประกอบอื่นๆ อีกทั้งยังอาจจะทำให้ตัวผู้ใช้งานเกิดการบาดเจ็บจากแรงดันได้อีก

Safety valve จึงมีความสำคัญเป็นอย่างมากทุกอุตสาหกรรมใหญ่ๆจะต้องมีติดไว้ในระบบแน่นอน

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Ball Valve ZECO Product Line: Floating Ball Valve, Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve, Top Entry Ball Valve & Full Weld Ball Valve/ GET VALVE PRICE >

Gate Valve ZECO Product Line: Wedge Gate Valve & Through Conduit Gate Valve/ GET VALVE PRICE >

Butterfly Valve ZECO Product Line: Center Line Butterfly Valve, Double Eccentric Butterfly Valve & Triple Eccentric Butterfly Valve/ GET VALVE PRICE >

Globe Valve / Check Valve ZECO Product Line: Globe Valve, Swing Check Valve & Dual Plate Check Valve/ GET VALVE PRICE >

Forged Steel Valve ZECO Product Line: Forged Gate Valve, Forged Ball Valve, Forged Globe Valve & Forged Check Valve/ GET VALVE PRICE >

The post International Standard Industrial Valves appeared first on ZECO Valve.

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This post will focus on explaining different types of industrial valves, their mechanism, their application in the oil and gas industry as well as API and ASME standards for oil and gas valves.

What are Valves in Oil and Gas?

A valve is a device used to regulate the flow of oil and gas. Opening or closing an aperture controls the amount of liquids and gases allowed through pipes. The valve controls the flow of fluids by stopping and starting, adjusting the amounts, controlling the direction, regulating pressure, or relieving pressure.

Types of Valves Used in the Oil and Gas Industry

1. Ball Valves

Ball valves are available in various materials and sizes. They are used for the broadest spectrum of isolation applications and are available in full flow and full through conduits.

Advantages: low-pressure drop, quick-acting, straight through flow in either direction, easily actuated, bubble tight shut off & operating torque.
Disadvantages: long “relative” face to face dimension and temperature limitations on seating material.

2. Gate Valves

The function of the gate valve is to start or stop a flow when a straight-line flow of fluid and minimum flow restriction is needed.

During use, gate valves are kept either fully open or fully closed. The disc of the gate is completely removed when turned open, allowing contents to pass through.

Advantages: a straight-through flow of fluid in either direction, low-pressure drop.
Disadvantages: slow-acting, takes a lot of space. Not drip tight shut off.

3. Globe Valves

If you want to stop the flow of air, you can close the globe valve using a plug-like piston. When the actuator is turned, the linear valve opens and closes. It is possible to open this valve to a variety of levels due to the threading on the stem. The popularity of this sort of valve in the petrochemical industry can be traced back to this very fact. Depending on how much throttling is required, the opening size can be reduced.

4. Check Valves

Gas refineries find check valves extremely helpful as the device opens under pressure and does not allow backflow of fluid or material. Because of the restricted backflow, cross-contamination of the product is prevented. That is, different materials can use the same pipeline. There is no need for an actuator as required in other valve types. However, it does need precise installation to ensure the response to fluid pressure occurs as required.

5. Plug Valves

A plug valve is also a linear valve but it has a wider piston than a globe valve. While it may not be ideal for throttling, it can hold its own in high pressure or a high-temperature pipeline. The wider surface area of the plug provides enough room for the pressure to be distributed and dissipated along the plug while maintaining fluid flow control.

6. Butterfly Valves

A butterfly valve makes up for a lot of what a gate valve lacks in terms of performance. Open channels allow media to flow freely, even if they contain solid particles. Since the stem at the base of a butterfly valve holds its disc in place, it can be used in high-pressure pipelines. Its low-torque operation is also a result of these design attributes.

7. Control Valves

Control valves are valves that provide process control over flow rate, pressure, and temperature in the oil and gas industry. They work by varying the size of the flow passage way as directed by either a hydraulic, pneumatic, or electrical signal sent from a controller. The automatic operation of these valves gives them the ability to be operated remotely, rather than having an operator constantly monitoring and adjusting.

Case of ZECO Oil and Gas Valves

North Pars Gas Field

From 2011 to 2013, ZECO Valve Group provided API 6D valves such as wedge gate valves, swing check valves and ball valves for North Pars Gas Field, providing a solid foundation for the normal operation of pipelines.

Sudan National Strategic Oil Tank

From 2011 to 2013, ZECO Valve Group provides pipeline solutions for wedge gate valves, check valves and ball valves for Sudan national strategic oil tank.

Samsung C&T Engineering & Construction Group

ZECO Valve Group provided API 6D products and other water system products such as backflow preventors for water systems for oil pipeline projects contracted by Samsung C&T Engineering & Construction Group.

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Most Common Types of Petrochemical Valves

Valves are used in a variety of industry types in order to control the flow and pressure of liquid, gas, oil, vapor, etc. They effectively control the piping system, which is especially critical when working with chemicals and extreme pressure/temperature as you do in the petrochemical industry.

While there are many types of valves out there, this article is going to detail five of the most common petrochemical valves. We’ll detail how the valve works and what it does for the petrochemical industry.

• Trunnion ball valve
• Rubber seated ball valve
• Butterfly valve
• Plug valve
• Air-release valve
• Vacuum valve
• Swing check valve
• Tilted cushion valve
• Swing check oil cushion valve
• Swing flex valve
• Gate valves
• Automatic Shutoff valves
• Check valves
• Globe valves

Valves and their Role in Petrochemical Industries

Petrochemical industries are not limited to the production of only oil and gas. They are responsible for producing and storing a wide range of petrochemicals such as acetylene, benzene, ethane, methane, propane, and hydrogen from other products like elastomers, plasticizers, solvents, oils, etc. are derived.

Inside a petrochemical environment, there will be a few hundred, if not thousands of valves that take on the following functions:

• Controlling the flow of media such as oil, gas, steam, water, and hydrocarbons.
• Modulating the flow of media through pipelines.
• Controlling the direction of the flow through pipelines.
• Regulating the pressure in a particular process.
• Protecting the pipelines from mounting pressure.
• Filtering particles or debris in the medium and protecting the equipment.
• Without valves, the environment in a petrochemical plant could become hazardous and vulnerable to catastrophic events.

The refining industry uses an industrial process where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful products such as petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas.

Most Common Types of Refinery Valves

• Control Valve
• Butterfly Valve
• Trunnion Ball Valve
• Floating Ball Valve
• Check Valve
• Globe Valve

The refining industry has undergone many changes, from processing methods to the duration they operate. These changes, along with the emergence of low sulfur fuel specifications, the requirement to process lower grade crude, and the need to convert more bottom-of-the-barrel residuals, have put an extreme demand on isolation and control valves. ZECO Valve has responded to these challenges by developing a combination of diverse trim configurations and high-quality coatings for use in high temperature, high pressure, erosive, corrosive, viscous, and coking/asphaltene applications

Cases of Petrochemical Valves & Refinery Valves

Iron Making Engineering of Huoqiu Iron Mine Deep Processing Project

ZECO Valve Group provides oxygen valves, bronze globe valves, and flange globe valves, and some other industrial valves for Huoqiu Project.

Sinpec Wenzhou Oil Branch

ZECO valve group provides ball valves, cast steel gate valves, and other products for this project, laying a foundation for the normal operation of the pipeline.

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Ⅰ. Check that the pneumatic ball valve is in the full open position

After grease injection, check whether the ball port of the valve lines up with the plane of the inner cavity of the valve seat. If there is any difference, adjust the open limit bolt on the actuator to ensure that the valve is fully open. Otherwise, it is unable to judge whether the valve is fully open once the pneumatic ball valve is assembled.

Ⅱ. Unable to inject grease into the pneumatic ball valve

1. When the valve shaft (rod) is greased, the sealing pressure in the pneumatic ball valve shaft (rod) shall not exceed 20.68mpa. Once it exceeds, check whether the grease gun is faulty and whether the outlet valve at the grease outlet of the grease gun is opened.

2. If there is no grease gun failure, check whether the grease nozzle is blocked, that is, slowly unscrew the grease nozzle and install it at the grease outlet hole of the grease gun. Observe whether the grease nozzle can discharge grease by injecting grease into the grease nozzle. If it does not discharge grease, it indicates that the one-way valve in the grease nozzle has fault, and the grease nozzle should be replaced.

If the grease injection nozzle can discharge grease, check the one-way valve located in the grease injection hole at downstream side of the grease injection nozzle (generally, this one-way valve is installed in the imported valve grease injection hole ), and screw it out with special tools for inspection. Any blockage such as raw material belt shall be removed, and the valve shall be replaced if there is serious fault. If it is still unable to inject grease, it shall be reported to the professional engineer and on-site supervisor for on-site solution by the manufacturer.

Ⅲ. Uneven grease injection from grease injection hole of pneumatic ball valve

After the grease injection of pneumatic ball valve, the blocking may occur in the valve seat sealing grease injection pipe, resulting in uneven or no grease discharge from the grease injection hole of the valve seat. This situation requires a 15°~ 25° turn from the fully open position. Then look into the grease outlet hole of the valve seat, gently dredge it with a soft tool, and continue to observe the grease injection.

Special attention shall be paid to the fact that grease shall not be injected during the rotation of the pneumatic ball valve to avoid damaging the seat seal. Generally, there are 4 nozzle’s grease injection at each side of the ball valve are even, while 2 are relatively uneven.

Our company focuses on manufacturing wedge gate valve, pipeline gate valve, floating ball valve, fixed ball valve, top mounted ball valve, stop valve, swing check valve, double plate check valve and forged valve. If you have any needs, please feel free to consult us.

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When the ball valve is closed, there is still pressure fluid inside the valve body. Before maintenance, relieve the pipeline pressure and keep the valve in the open position. Before maintenance, disconnect the power or air supply. Before maintenance, separate the actuator from the bracket. It is necessary to confirm that the pressure of the upstream and downstream pipes of the ball valve has been removed before disassembling. During disassembly and reassembly, it should be careful to prevent damage to the sealing surface of parts, especially non-metallic parts. Special tools should be used when taking out the O-ring. During assembly, the bolts on the flange must be tightened symmetrically, step by step and evenly. The cleaning agent should be compatible with the rubber parts, plastic parts, metal parts and working medium (such as gas) in the ball valve.

When the working medium is gas, the metal parts can be cleaned with gasoline (GB484-89). Clean non-metallic parts with pure water or alcohol. The disassembled individual parts can be washed by immersion. For the metal parts that have not been decomposed, clean and fine silk cloth impregnated with cleaning agent (to avoid fiber that is falling off adhering to the parts) can be used for scrubbing. During cleaning, all grease, dirt, glue and dust adhering to the wall shall be removed. The non-metallic parts shall be taken out of the cleaning agent immediately after cleaning and shall not be soaked for a long time. After cleaning, it needs to be assembled after the cleaning agent on the washed wall evaporates (it can be wiped by the silk cloth without cleaning agent), but it can not be used for a long time, otherwise it will rust and be polluted by dust. New parts need to be cleaned before assembly. Lubricating grease can be used for lubrication.

The grease shall be compatible with metal materials, rubber parts, plastic parts and working media of ball valve. When the working medium is gas, the grease such as Special 221 grease can be used. Apply a thin layer of grease on the surface of the seal installation groove, apply a thin layer of grease on the rubber seal, and apply a thin layer of grease on the sealing surface and friction surface of the valve rod. During assembly, metal chips, fibers, grease (except those specified) dust and other impurities, foreign matters and other pollutants shall not be allowed to adhere to the surface of parts or enter the inner cavity.

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Next, Zeco Value will tell you the conditions for choosing electric ball valves.

1. Pipeline diameter, also known as caliber size.
2. Pressure and pressure range.
3. Connection mode, flange connection or threaded connection, etc.
4. Control elements. It has a very good effect on controlling flow, pressure, reflux and so on.
5. The working temperature of the pipeline, the selection of suitable material and the working pressure of the pipeline.
6. Some common parameters of electric ball valve, such as discharge capacity, allowable flow resistance, size of seat hole, etc.

Zeco Value provides you with high quality electric ball valve. If you want more product information of electric actuated ball valve, you can visit our website at http://www.zecovalve.com./ . You are also welcome to contact us, and we look forward to providing you with quality services.

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So what kind of methods can prolong the service life of electric ball valves? We summarize the following methods for you as a reference:

Pre-use inspection method:

Valves must be checked for debris or iron filings before use, which is beyond doubt.

Medium scouring method:

It can use the scouring function of the medium to scour and take away things that are easy to precipitate and plug, so as to improve the anti-blocking function of the valve.

External scouring method:

For some medium which is easy to precipitate and contains solid particles, when it adopts electric actuated ball valve, there are often problems of blockage of throttle and guide. Scouring gas and steam can be attached to the bottom plug of the lower valve cover. When the valve is blocked or jammed, the external gas or steam valve can be opened to complete the flushing work without moving the electric ball valve, so that the electric ball valve can operate normally.

Cleaning method:

welding slag, rust and slag in pipeline are easy to cause blockage of pipeline passage in throttle and guide parts, which is the most common fault. In this case, it must be unloaded for cleaning, slag removal, if the sealing surface is damaged, it should also be grinded. At the same time, the bottom plug should be opened to wash away the slag falling from the balance hole into the lower valve cover and flush the pipeline. Before putting into operation, the electric ball valve should be fully opened and the medium should flow for a period of time before it is brought into normal work.

The above four methods are the most basic way to prolong the service life of electric ball valves. Hope they will be helpful to you.

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I. opening process

In the closed position, the ball is pressed on the valve seat by the mechanical pressure of the valve rod. When the handwheel is turned anticlockwise, the valve rod moves in a reverse direction, and the angle plane at the bottom of the valve rod makes the ball free from the valve seat. The valve rod continues to lift and interacts with the guide pin in the screw groove of the valve rod so that the ball starts to rotate without friction. Until it reaches the fully open position, the valve rod is lifted to the limit position, and the ball rotates to the fully open position.

II. Closing process

When the valve is closed, rotate the handwheel clockwise, and the valve stem starts to lower and the ball starts to rotate when it leaves the valve seat. Continue to rotate the handwheel, and the valve rod is affected by the guide pin embedded in the spiral groove on it so that the valve rod and the ball can rotate 90 ° at the same time. Near closure, the ball has rotated 90 ° without contact with the seat. In the last few turns of the handwheel, the angle plane at the bottom of the valve stems mechanically wedges against the ball to press it tightly on the valve seat to achieve complete sealing.

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