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What are Cooling Towers?

Cooling towers are a critical need for any industrial and manufacturing operation. Their role in extracting heat and delivering it to the atmosphere through evaporative cooling leverages the principle of heat rejection. The essential element of a cooling tower is water that is delivered through a piping system. These steady flow devices cool the water by evaporation with direct contact with the air. Evaporatively cooled equipment like cooling towers typically utilizes a multi-cell configuration. While these systems offer improved efficiency, operational flexibility, and advanced controls, they can only perform as well as their hardware is designed and built. One of the most important components of a cooling tower is its valves.

Cooling Tower Valves

Cooling tower valves are devices designed to control, regulate, distribute, and allow, or disallow the passage of water through certain parts of the cooling tower’s system. The different valves throughout a cooling tower system play an important role in their performance and the overall operation of your facility. The types of valves needed will depend on the flow capacity and the size of the piping in the cooling tower. Temperature and pressure are also critical considerations when it comes to valve selection.

Choosing Cooling Tower Valves

Regarding cooling systems, the valves that are selected typically are going to be flow control valves and isolation (shutoff and bypass) valves. There are important questions to consider before picking the valve for the cooling system.

The first thing to consider is the flow capacity. When considering the size required by the cooling application, it is easy to narrow down the valve that should be chosen. An important thing to remember in valve selection is the pipe size.
What flow capacity is needed for the cooling system?
What size piping will be used?

Temperature and pressure are the next critical pieces to look at when determining the control valves to use for a cooling system. The valve pressure/temperature rating must be within the system design parameters. The first factor that should be considered is the maximum pressure that the cooling system is going to have to hold to determine the valve rating. Along with pressure comes the capacity of the system. Consider the following three options when examining the pressure level and relative capacity of the cooling system:

• Small-diameter pipe (0.5 to 2”): globe control valve
• Mid-diameter pipe (3 to 6”): segmented ball valve
• Large-diameter pipe (8” and above): high performance butterfly valve (HPBV)

Different types of isolation valves also are considered based on pressure and related capacity:

• Small-diameter pipe: two piece ball valve or three piece ball valve
• Mid-diameter pipe: 3 piece ball valve or flanged ball valve
• Large-diameter pipe: butterfly valve

The capacity of the system as it relates to the diameter of the piping is an important aspect to consider when putting the cooling system together.