Stainless steel types 1.4401 and 1.4404 are also known as grades 316 and 316L respectively. Grade 316 is an austenitic grade second only to 304 in commercial importance. Stainless steel types 1.4401 and 1.4404 are also known as grades 316 and 3164L respectively. Grade 316 is an austenitic grade second only to 304 in commercial importance.

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316L Stainless Steel

316L, the low-carbon version of Stainless steel 316, is immune to grain boundary carbide precipitation (sensitization). This makes it suited to use in heavy gauge (over about 6mm) welded components.

316Ti and 316H Stainless Steel

For elevated temperature applications the high carbon variant, 316H stainless steel, and the stabilized grade 316Ti stainless steel should be employed.

316 Stainless Steel

The austenitic structure of Stainless steel 316 gives excellent toughness, even at cryogenic temperatures.

Stainless steel 316 contains an addition of molybdenum that gives it improved corrosion resistance. This is particularly apparent for pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments.

Uses for Stainless Steel 316

Also known as surgical stainless steel, marine steel, 316S16 (as per the British Standard), SS 316 is an austenitic chromium-nickel alloy. As a consequence it:

Has a very high corrosion resistance
Is generally nonmagnetic
Can perform well at a very wide temperature range (-150 to 950 °C).

It is also worth noting that SS AISI 316 can withstand extremely corrosive environments and is easily shaped, welded and machined. Using standard fusion methods, it is very popular in a wide range of applications including the following sectors:

• Medical equipment
• Aerospace engineering
• Food processing equipment
• Storage tanks and transport tanks for chemicals
• Nuclear plants (cladding of fuel rods)
• Textile dyeing and/or bleaching machines
• Rubber and paper pulp production plants
• Screens for mining plants
• Quarrying and water filtration systems
• Springs, bolts, screws, and nuts
• Marine engineering and boat fittings
• Cryogenics

Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel 316

%	316	316L	316H	316Ti
C	0.0-0.07	0.0-0.03	0.04-0.08	0.0- 0.08
Mn	0.0-2.0	0-2.0	0.0-2.00	0.0-2.00
Si	0.0-1.0	0.0-1.00	0.0-1.00	0.0- 1.00
P	0.0-0.05	0.0-0.05	0-0.04	0.0-0.05
S	0.0-0.02	0.0-0.02	0.0-0.02	0.0-0.03
Cr	16.50-18.50	16.50-18.50	16.50-18.50	16.50- 18.50
Mo	2.00-2.50	2.00-2.50	2.00-2.50	2.00- 2.50
Ni	10.00-13.00	10.00-13.00	10.00-13.00	10.50- 14.00
Ti	–	–	–	0.40- 0.70
Fe	balance	balance	balance	balance

Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel 316

Grade	316 Bar and Section (up to 160 mm thick)	316 Sheet (up to 8 mm thick)	316 Plate (8 – 75 mm thick)	316L Bar and Section (up to 160 mm)	316L Sheet (up to 8 mm thick)	316 L Plate (8 – 75 mm thick)	316H Bar (up to 160 mm)	316Ti Bar (up to 160 mm)
Tensile Strength (MPa)	500 – 700	530 – 680	520 – 670	500 – 700	530 – 680	520 – 670	490 – 690	500 – 700
Proof Stress (MPa)	200 Min	240 Min	220 Min	200 Min	240 Min	220 Min	205 Min	200 Min
Elongation A50 mm	40 Min %	40 Min %	45 Min %	40 Min %	40 Min %	45 Min %	35 %	40 Min %
Hardness Brinell	215 Max HB	–	–	215 Max HB	–	–	–	215 Max HB

Physical Properties of Stainless Steel 316

Property	Value
Density	8.00 g/cm3
Melting Point	1400°C
Modulus of Elasticity	193 GPa
Electrical Resistivity	0.74 x 10-6 Ω.m
Thermal Conductivity	16.3 W/m.K
Thermal Expansion	15.9 x 10-6/K